There are two common methods being widely utilized for dyeing textiles. The first one is normal dyeing method. Textiles are dyed by using chemical dye directly. The second one is using paints. Firstly, paints are processed into tiny insoluble colored particles. Then colored particles attach to textiles.
Dyes are complicated organic materials. They have various categories.
Acid dye: Acid dye is commonly utilized for protein fiber, nylon fiber, silk, etc. Characteristics of acid dye include various colors and excellent dry cleaning fastness while acid dye has poor washing fastness.
Cationic dye (basic dye): Cationic dye is used for acrylic fiber, polyester fiber, nylon, cellulose, protein fiber. Cationic dye has various colors. It is quit suitable for artificial fiber. But cationic dye has poor washing fastness and light fastness when it is used for cellulose and protein fiber.
Direct dye: Direct dye is suitable for cellulose. Direct dye has poor washing fastness. Washing fastness will be improved largely if direct dye is modified.
Disperse dye: Disperse dye is suitable for rayon, acrylic fiber, nylon, polyester, etc. It has different washing fastness. It has good washing fastness when being used for polyester, while it has poor washing fastness when being used for rayon.
Azo dye: Azo dye is used for cellulose. It has various colors.
Reactive dye: Reactive dye is commonly utilized for cellulose instead of protein fiber. It has various colors, good light fastness and washing fastness, rubbing fastness.
Sulfur dye: Sulfur dye is used for cellulose. It has grey colors, including dark blue, black and brown. Sulfur dye has good light fastness and washing fastness, poor chlorine bleaching fastness. Textiles can be broken by sulfur dye when textiles are stored for a long term.
Vat dye: Vat dye is suitable for cellulose. It has good light fastness, washing fastness.
Paint: Paint can be used for all of fibers. Paint is not a kind of dyes. Paint is a kind of attachment fibers which are made of resin. Using paint, deep color texture will harden. So it is only suitable for light color textiles. Paint has good light fastness and washing fastness.
Post: Methods for Dyeing Textiles
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