Printing is a part of wet processing technology which is carried out after pre-treatment of fabric or after dyeing of fabric for producing attractive designs on fabric or other materials. Printing is described as localizing dyes or pigments which are applied locally or discontinuously to produce various attractive designs on fabric. Main objectives of printing are producing attractive designs with well defined boundaries made by the artistic arrangement of a motif or motifs in one or more colors. If dyes and pigments are applied properly on fiber, printed fabrics are protected from friction and washing. A strong bonding is formed between dyes and fiber.

Steps of textile printing:
Eerstens, pre-treat fabrics before printing.
Use printing ingredient to prepare printing pasts. Printing performance depends on a well printing paste.
Use any printing methods to make an impression of the print pasts on the fabric, which is required.
Carry out steaming on printed fabric to fix the printing paste on the fabric.
After-treatment process neutralizes printed fabric.

Styles of printing: There are three different styles of printing: direct style of printing, discharge style of printing (including white discharge and color discharge) and resist style of printing (white resist and color resist)

Methods of printing: Using different instrument carry out printing. Use different method to produce impression on fabric. Demands of users vary methods which rely on the type of materials and the purpose of end product usage.

The followings are the methods applied for textile printing operation.
Block Printing
Burn-out Printing
Blotch Printing
Digitale druk
Duplex Printing
Engraved Roller Printing
Electrostatic Printing
Flock Printing
Ink-jet Printing
Jet Spray Printing
Photo Printing
Rotary Screen Printing
Screen Printing (Flat Screen)
Stencil Printing
Spray Printing
Transfer Printing
Warp Printing
Special Methods (Tie dyeing and Batik Printing)

In the early of history, printing was carried out by hand. Deesdae, different modern techniques are widely used for printing, which are controlled by computer. Graphics design is also widely used. Textile machines improve printing methods a lot.

Pigmente is hoofsaaklik organiese materiaal wat sintetiese geen affiniteit het op die katoen. For this, binder word gebruik vir die maak van die film op die oppervlak van pigment sodat produseer 'n 3-dimensionele kruis skakeling tussen vesels en pigmente. Na droging, genesing is onder gedra 150-180℃ vir die vasstelling van die pigmente op die oppervlak van katoen. Prys van pigment drukwerk is laer as dié van ander drukproses.

Die volgende is die proses van die pigment druk op katoen:

Resep: Resep kan gevolg van die diepte van kleur verander
Verdikking: 2%
Binder: 8%
Vaste: -2%
Water: 90%

Stof Pre-behandeling
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Table voorbereiding
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Stof gevleg op die tafel
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Pigment druk smeer met die hulp van die skerm
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Genesing by 160 ℃ (bandspoed 6.50 m / min)
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Lewering

Printing is a method of wet processing technology which can produce various types of decorative and attractive designs on the surface of the fabric.

Process of printing 100% katoen:
Printing is the most used process. Process of printing varies, due to the types of fiber. When printing natural fibers such as cotton, wool and silk, the impurities on natural fibers must be removed before dyeing and printing. The process is also called as pre-treatment process. After printing, finishing process is carried out for improve the out looking of the printed fabric.

Inspection of grey cloth
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Stitching
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Shearing or Cropping
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Singeing
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Desizing
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Washing
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Skuur
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Bleiking
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Washing
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Stentering
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Druk
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Steaming
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Washing
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Agenda
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Inspection
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Folding or Rolling
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Packing

Emboss printing also called as pub printing, differs from pigment printing, foil printing, flock printing or any others dyes printing, which is particularly used for making logo or other decorative purpose. In this printing process, printing is done by embossing the printing paste on the textile materials.

Process of emboss printing (pub printing)
Resep: This is a sample recipe for emboss printing process.
Rubber paste: 49%
Pub/Emboss: 49%
Fixer: -2%

Fabric pre-treatment
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Table voorbereiding
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Stof gevleg op die tafel
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Apply printing paste by screen (3keer)
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Hanging for 15min
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Curing at 170℃ (belt speed 3m/min)
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Lewering

Emboss printing is mainly used for business card which can produce various types of glossy design.

Color fastness: Color fastness means the resistance to changes when subjected to particulars of condition which is specified in terms of changes and expressed in terms to the magnitude.

Color fastness to washing is used for measuring the fastness of colored materials, which is carried out in dyeing lab. Based on different measuring procedures, the test can be varied. For quality assurance system, a record is maintained for dyed fabrics or finished fabrics. Computer color matching system (CCMS) can save the record.

Required materials: The followings are necessary for wash fastness test:
1. Sample size 40 x 100 mm
2. Multi-fiber at 40 x 100 mm
3. ECE detergent (WOB)-4g/L
4. Sodium Perborate (Na2BO3.H2O2-1g/L)-1g/L
5. Distilled water
6. Noramal cold water
7. Steel balls

Required instruments: Various types of instrument are required for measuring color fastness to wash, including rota wash, scissor and stitch machine.

Steps for measuring color fastness to wash: Color fastness to wash is an off-line quality assurance.
1. Cut sample and multi-fiber at 40 x 100 mm.
2. Take the sample with 50 ml ECE detergent (WOB) en 50 ml Sodium per borate. For marks and Spencer, take the solution by formula: (Sample fabric + Multi-fiber weight) x 50 ml.
3. Keep the sample under 60℃ for 30 minutes in Rota wash machine.
4. Rinse the sample twice with cold water.
5. Dry at 60℃ by hanging or by Flat iron pression but temperature should not be more than 150℃.
6. Dry the specimen and the change of shade & degree of staining is measured by Grey Scale and Staining Scale.

In dyeing and finishing section, quality assurance system is used to measure the quality of dyed fabrics. Through checking the shade of dyed fabrics, the fastness properties can be worked out. Dyed fabrics will be issued with quality certificate, for them having good fastness properties.

The quality of dyed fabrics is assured in laboratory, dyeing section and finishing section.

In laboratory:
1. Receive swatch card from buyers according to their requirement.
2. Dye sample by manually or CCMS.
3. Dye sample until matching with swatch card.
4. Fastness & other tests of fabrics can be also carried out.

In dyeing section:
1. Dye sample in dyeing machine and dyeing shed, matching with the approved sample.
2. Move to bulk production, if the result is matched with approved sample.
3. Tydens klere, take the samples when accurate shade matching accurate shade. The interval is lasted fro 30-40 minute.
4. Collect dyeing sample which having been softened.
5. Last of all, collect sample from fixation & matched.
6. Allow fabrics to be finished.

In finishing:
1. Using a series of finishing machines maintains correct width, softness and appearance according to requirements.
2. Test samples for several times for GSM, shrinkage & fastness properties.
3. Inspect fabric and prepare for delivery.

'N kwaliteit bestuurder loop gehaltebeheer departement die gehalte van om te verseker tekstiel produkte tydens vervaardiging. Kwaliteit van tekstiel produseer nagegaan in elke stap van die vervaardiging. Vir gehalte versekering stelsel diagram, verskillende internasionale gehalte standaarde aangeneem. QC departement help ook CCMS toets van die gehalte van 'n tekstielstof.

Die opeenvolgende is die gehalte versekering stelsel diagram vir tekstiel produkte.
Yarn verwerking
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Yarn toets
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Pass — Misluk
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Brei Stuur na spinnerij
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Grey stof insae
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Pass — Misluk
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Grey winkel Stuur te stoor as verwerp
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Batch maak
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Kleur
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Ontwatering
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Droog / stentering
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Kompaktering
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Stof nagaan
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Laboratorium Inspection (Skaduwee)
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Pass — Misluk
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Aflewering Stuur te stoor as verwerp
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Stuur Departement te bemoei

Tekstiel Toets Gehaltebeheer (TTQC) skoot word gebruik om die kwaliteit van tekstiel produkte te verseker. TTQC skoot speel 'n belangrike rol in die evaluering van tekstiel produkte. Deesdae, produsente verwag kwalitatiewe produk te lewer.

In tekstielbedryf, kwaliteit verseker by die elke stap van die produksie. Van die grondstowwe tot die voltooide goedere, kwaliteit diens verseker die gehalte. Gehalte moet verseker word in vesel seleksie, garen produksie, stof vervaardiging, nat verwerking en vervaardiging van klere. Die gehalte van die kleurstof en chemikalieë wat gebruik word in kleur, druk en afwerking moet ook nagegaan word. Meestal, kwaliteit diens gee 'n kwaliteit slaag sertifikaat sodat finale produkte uitgevoer kan word.

Opvoedkundige instellings, navorsingsinstellings vir die onderrig van die gehalte evaluering stelsel en navorsing het TTQC laboratorium, so ook as die toets van die gehalte van die tekstiel produkte. Sommige TTQC laboratoriums is ingestel vir kommersiële doeleindes. Sommige gehalte standaardisering groep het ook die opstel van TTQC laboratorium vir die toets van die gehalte. TTQC laboratorium verseker ook die gehalte van die hulpbronne en chemikalieë in kleurstof mark.

Tipes TTQC laboratorium vir gehaltebeheer van tekstiel produkte:

Daar is verskillende tipes van TTQC:
1.Tekstiel toetsing en gehaltebeheer laboratorium (TTQC Lab) in die industrie.
2.TTQC laboratorium in die opvoedkundige instituut.
3.TTQC laboratorium in die navorsingsinstituut.
4.Kommersiële TTQC laboratorium.
5.Port TTQC laboratorium.
6.TTQC laboratorium in die standaardisering van die huis.
7.TTQC laboratorium in die huis te koop.
8.TTQC laboratorium in die kleurstof mark.
9.TTQC laboratorium in die arm krag of departement van verdediging.