Tekstielvesel Inleiding

Definisie
Fiber is inartificial or synthetic filament. Textile fiber is the fiber which is the raw material of cloth.

Characteristics of textile fiber
Textile fiber has good physical characteristics including length, fineness, elastisiteit, brute force, ens. It also has good chemical stability. For example cotton, feather, kant, hemp and other natural fibers are ideal textile fibers.

Category of textile fiber
Textile fiber is classified into natural fiber and chemical fiber.

Natural fiber contains vegetable fiber, animal fiber and mineral fiber.
Vegetable fiber: katoen, hennep, fruit fiber, ens.
Animal fiber: wool, rabbit hair, kant, ens.
Mineral fiber: asbestos.

Chemical fiber includes regenerated fiber, synthetic fiber and inorganic fiber.
Regenerated fiber: viscose fiber, cellulose acetate fiber.
Synthetic fiber: nylon, polyester, acrylic, spandex, vinylon, polypropylene, ens.
Inorganic fiber: fiberglass, metal fiber, ens.

Textile performance of common textile fiber
wol: Wool has good absorption of moisture and elasticity. It is suitable for acidic dyes and metal binding dyes.
Silk: Silk has good absorption of moisture, breathability and high glossiness. It is suitable for acidic dyes.
katoen: Cotton has good breathability, absorption of moisture. It is suitable for basic dyes, sulfide dyes and reactive dyes.
Viscose fiber: Viscose fiber has good breathability, absorption of moisture, various colors, lae koste. The properties of viscose fiber are similar to natural fiber. It is suitable for dyes.
polyester: Polyester has good wearing resistance. It is suitable for disperse dyes, diazonium disperse dyes. Polyester can dissolve in vat dyes.
nylon: Nylon has good wearing resistance and bad breathability. It is suitable for acetic dyes and disperse dyes.
Polyacrylonitrile fiber: Polyacrylonitrile fiber is suitable for disperse dyes and cationic dyes.

How to distinguish fibers
The ways to distinguish fibers include feelings, visualization, combustion, microscope, dissolution, drug coloring and infrared spectroscopy.

Distinguishing procedures:
Uses combustion to distinguish natural fiber and chemical fiber.
If it is natural fiber, using microscope can distinguish vegetable fibers and animal fibers. If it is chemical fiber, distinguish it by combining with its melting point, proportion, refractive index and solubility.
When distinguishing mixed fiber and mixed yarn, use microscope to confirm various fibers. Then use other methods to distinguish in further.
For colored fibers, dyes should be peeled in advance to guarantee reliability.